https://prs.sggw.edu.pl/ <p><strong>Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego </strong>to recenzowane czasopismo naukowe, wydawane jako kwartalnik przez <a href="https://wydawnictwo.sggw.edu.pl/">Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie</a></p> <p>W Zeszytach Naukowych Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego publikowane są oryginalne, twórcze prace naukowe zgodne z profilem czasopisma. Czasopismo poświęcone jest problematyce ekonomicznej i społecznej gospodarki rolno-żywnościowej i obszarów wiejskich z naciskiem na aspekty międzynarodowe.</p> <p>Czasopismo ukazuje się w modelu <strong>otwartego dostępu (Open Access)</strong> i udostępniane jest na licencji <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.pl" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><u>Creativ</u><u>e</u><u> Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0)</u></a></p> <p><strong>Redaktor Naczelny:</strong><br />Dr hab. Mariusz Hamulczuk, prof. SGGW<br />Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie<br /><strong>ORCID</strong> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-8516">0000-0002-4956-8516</a>,<br /><strong>e-mail:</strong> <a href="mailto:problemy_rs@sggw.edu.pl">problemy_rs@sggw.edu.pl</a>,<br /><br /></p> Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie pl-PL Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 2081-6960 https://prs.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/12085 This study explores the evolving crop preferences of smallholder farmers in Murang’a County in Kenya, who transitioned from coffee farming to avocado cultivation largely due to prolonged poor prices of coffee. Avocado farming, though initially was very promising, has encountered significant challenges including exploitation of farmers by brokers, price volatility and little support by cooperatives. With the recent surge in global coffee prices, smallholder farmers face uncertainty about whether to continue with avocados or to revert to coffee. The general objective of this study was to explore farmers’ perceptions on which direction they should take in the choice between coffee and avocados cultivation. Based on data collected from 116 smallholder farmers in Murang’a County, the researcher examined factors that influenced choice between the two crops. The paper was guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and the Rational Choice Theory (RTC). The study found that crop profitability had a strong influence on farmers’ crop choice decisions. Profitability drove the initial shift from coffee to avocados and shaped the current reconsideration of coffee farming following the recent global price increases. Market price volatility increased uncertainty instead of guiding clear crop choices, leading farmers to favour diversification over full commitment to either coffee or avocados. Institutional support and access to farming inputs affected farmers’ willingness to return to coffee. Weak cooperatives and limited extension services discouraged a complete return to coffee despite the recent improved prices. The study concluded that farmers’ crop choice decisions in Murang’a County were shaped by a complex interaction of economic incentives and institutional conditions than by price alone. The study recommends strengthening cooperative support, supporting and encouraging crop diversification, improving access to farming inputs and providing market guidance to help smallholder farmers make informed and sustainable crop choices. James Kariuki Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 SGGW https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-07-22 2026-07-22 26 2 4 23 10.22630/PRS.2026.26.2.5 https://prs.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/12086 Local brands are increasingly recognised as instruments supporting rural development, territorial identity, and regional competitiveness. The aim of this study is to compare the potential for the development of local brands in Poland and Portugal in the context of European Union geographical indication systems and rural development conditions. The research adopts a comparative and exploratory approach based on desk research, analysis of strategic documents, European Commission databases (eAmbrosia and GIview), Eurostat data, and scientific literature. The results show that Poland and Portugal represent two distinct models of local brand development. Portugal is characterised by a mature geographical indication system, a strong wine sector, and close links between branding, tourism, and exports. Poland demonstrates strong organisational and bottom-up potential supported by an extensive network of Local Action Groups. The study concludes that successful local brand development depends not only on the number of protected products but also on effective governance, institutional support, and the integration of branding with tourism and market developments. Barbara Kiełbasa Sandra Bailoa Ana Rodrigues Thi Thuy Sinh Tran Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 SGGW https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-07-22 2026-07-22 26 2 24 42 10.22630/PRS.2026.26.2.6 https://prs.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/12087 Agroforestry holds significant importance in South Africa as a sustainable land-use approach that tackles essential environmental and economic issues, such as climate change adaptation, food security, and the enhancement of rural livelihoods. By combining trees with crops and livestock, it improves soil health, boosts biodiversity, and offers varied income sources, including timber, fruit, and nuts, alongside agricultural products. However, the uptake of agroforestry in South Africa is progressing slowly due to such challenges as limited land availability, water scarcity, and insufficient technical knowledge, as well as misinformation and negative attitudes, particularly among smallholder farmers. Numerous authors have also pointed out that most of the agroforestry research has been conducted from a biophysical standpoint, yet socioeconomic factors related to farmers&apos; perceptions require greater focus. Therefore, there exists a strong willingness among rural households to embrace these practices if provided with adequate support, highlighting the necessity for more effective integration into national policy. The current study aimed to assess the status of agri-silviculture practices concerning socioeconomic factors and community perceptions. The primary objectives included: (1) Identifying and describing the socioeconomic characteristics of selected agri-silviculture community growers, and (2) Evaluating the perception status of these growers. Therefore, this study contributes to the promotion of agroforestry, as it presents the opportunity to boost production and subsequently elevate community income. Identifying and addressing socioeconomic and perceptual factors related to agroforestry practices is crucial for the adoption of agroforestry, which encompasses both economic and sociological aspects. A purposive sampling method was employed to select 90 community growers involved in agri-silviculture (specifically Groundnuts and Eucalyptus Trees). The research employed both qualitative and quantitative methods concurrently and they were applied with the aim on establishing the limitations, balance, and strength of the data. Furthermore, the methods included participatory action research as the community growers and stakeholders benefitted while the research was ongoing. Data collection methods included site observations, past research, and web and governmental reports. The study involved a closed and open-ended questionnaire with the following sections: socioeconomics, food security, sustainability, perceptions, market information, and observations. The results indicated that most of the communities concurred and held a favourable view regarding the competitiveness of agroforestry practices in fulfilling their fundamental requirements for fuel wood, fruits, fodder, timber, vegetables, and more. They also recognised that the adoption of agri-silviculture practices was essential for the community, thereby enhancing its economic, social, and environmental welfare. It is thus recommended that the agri-silviculture practice be intensified throughout South Africa, as it contributes significantly to food security, market access, and sustainable livelihoods. Phokele Maponya Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 SGGW https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-07-22 2026-07-22 26 2 43 60 10.22630/PRS.2026.26.2.7 https://prs.sggw.edu.pl/article/view/12088 Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a high-value vegetable in Nigeria, but its marketing is hindered by perishability, inefficiency and income inequality among traders. This study examined the socioeconomic characteristics of bell pepper traders, market channels, marketing margins, efficiency, income distribution, inequality, and determinants of market margins in Jos-North Local Government Area (LGA), Plateau State. Primary data were collected from 120 randomly selected traders using structured questionnaires and analysed with descriptive statistics, market margin and efficiency analysis, Gini coefficient, and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. Findings indicate that most traders are middle-aged, literate, predominantly female, and primarily engaged in trading. Six marketing channels were identified, with bulk transactions through commission agents and wholesalers dominating. Market margin analysis reveals that trading is profitable, with inefficiency index (M.E.I = 0.33), and a high level of income inequality among traders. Regression results show that education, marketing experience, quantity sold and marketing costs significantly affect marketing margins. Policy recommendations include improving access to credit, investing in storage facilities, enhancing market information flow, and promoting cooperative marketing structures. The study provides empirical insights for enhancing efficiency, equity, and profitability in vegetable marketing across sub-Saharan Africa. Godfrey C. Onuwa Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 SGGW https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2026-07-22 2026-07-22 26 2 61 75 10.22630/PRS.2026.26.2.8